5A Review Sheet

Smart Cities

• Internet of Things: platform that the smart city depends on, how sensors communicate with people 
• Be able to list at least one disadvantage of having publicly accessible data 
• Privacy
• Abuse of data
• Hackers
• Control by technology companies
• What is a smart grid? (efficient distribution and usage of electricity)
• Give an example of a technology you might find in a smart city (traffic lights, street lights, trash cans, tourist apps, traffic and snowplow apps to monitor real time conditions, filing reports with government, bike sharing)

Passive Housing

• Be able to define what is passive housing- rigorous standard for building energy efficiency. Emphasis on sustainable practices. 
• What is a thermogram? Imaging that allows you to see spots of heat transfer (for example, leakages from windows, etc.)
• 4 Principles
• Proper Insulation
• No air leakages
• No thermal bridges
• Heat recovery ventilation
• R-value: indicates insulation's resistance to heat flow
• the higher = the better
• Properties- thickness, density, etc. 

Temporary Housing 

• Be able to list 3 design considerations:
• Domestic economy (local suppliers)
• Rapid availability 
• Ease of assembly/deployment 
• Affordability 
• Community participation
• Compatibility with local living
• Appropriate for duration of living (could it evolve into permanent structure if quality of living is high enough?)
• Easy and non polluting disposal
• Physical characteristics (surface area, topography, altitude, ambient temperature degree, wind speed, relative humidity, etc.)
• Economic propsect of the temporary settlement 
• Be able to give one example of a temporary housing design
• Concrete tent
• Superadobe structures
• Pallet houses
• Exo (stackable box)
• Hexayurt

Acoustics Basics

• What kind of wave is a sound wave? Pressure wave
• Compression 
• Rarefaction-decrease in density 
• What is sound intensity? Sound Power/Area
• Inverse square relationship between Sound Intensity and Distance 
• How does active noise cancelling work? destructive interference 
• 3 types of interactions with surfaces:
• Diffraction = surface does not directly reflect or absorb, instead scatters it in many directions
• Reflection
• Absorption 

Population Growth Models

• Exponential
• No resource limitation, ideal situation
• dN/dt = r*N where r = birth rate - death rate
• Logistic
• Carrying Capacity K = maximum sustainable population
• dN/dt = r*N(K-N)/K
• Ecosystem diversity increases stability. Empirical evidence:
• Tilman Grassland Experiments. 
• Decade long experiment. different number of types per plot
• More types of plants increased the stability of the plot
• Real world food webs are stable because interactions between species are weak
• Why are food chains so short? 
• Most 3-4 trophic levels
• Energetic limitations (10% trophic transfer efficiency)

20th century Architecture Styles

• Be able to describe just one style from the 1900s
• look at the powerpoint

Innovations in Building Technology

• Be able to list just 2 Building Technologies:
• 3 D printing
• Self-healing concrete
• Glass roof tiles
• Mushroom building materials
• Photonic radiative cooling
• Bricks grown from bacteria
• Bamboo as rebar (not steel)